Author: Dr Laila Surani
At EMAGE CIC, we believe that understanding the wellbeing of older adults requires more than numbers — it demands cultural awareness, empathy, and context.
Drawing on two of my research studies conducted in Karachi and rural Sindh, Pakistan, this commentary explores how cultural and socioeconomic factors shape the experiences of older adults, particularly women. Both studies used the CASP model (Control, Autonomy, Self-realisation, and Pleasure), a framework originally developed in the UK to measure quality of life in later years.
While CASP offers valuable insights, my findings revealed its limitations when applied in different cultural settings. In Pakistan, ideas such as autonomy and control are influenced by social norms, family structures, and gender roles. Many women expressed that while they valued independence, cultural expectations and family responsibilities often limited their ability to make choices — especially around work, finances, and daily life.
Religious beliefs also play a major role in shaping life satisfaction. For many older adults, fulfilment and happiness were connected not just to material comfort but to faith, moral purpose, and contentment with God’s will. This reflects a broader understanding of wellbeing — one deeply rooted in spiritual and social harmony rather than individual achievement alone.
These findings highlight an important lesson: quality of life cannot be measured through a single lens. Assessment tools and wellbeing programmes must be culturally sensitive, contextually grounded, and capable of capturing people lived realities.
This principle is especially relevant in the UK, where ethnic minority older adults represent a rapidly growing yet underserved group. Their wellbeing is shaped by migration histories, cultural values, language, faith, and intergenerational family structures. Any programme or intervention designed for these communities must recognise and respect their cultural and diversity needs — ensuring inclusion, accessibility, and a sense of belonging.
At EMAGE CIC, this understanding is central to our mission. Our work combines evidence-based research with community-led approaches that honour cultural diversity and empower older adults to live with dignity, purpose, and independence.
